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- Network Working Group W A Simpson
- Internet Draft Daydreamer
- expires in six months August 1993
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- PPP over Circuit-Switched ISDN
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- Status of this Memo
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- This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working
- Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should
- be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
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- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a
- ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
-
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
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- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for
- transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.
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- This document describes the use of PPP over Integrated Services
- Digital Network (ISDN) switched circuits.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page i]
- DRAFT PPP over ISDN August 1993
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- 1. Introduction
-
- PPP was designed as a standard method of communicating over point-
- to-point links. Initial deployment has been over short local lines,
- leased lines, and plain-old-telephone-service (POTS) using modems.
- As new packet services and higher speed lines are introduced, PPP is
- easily deployed in these environments as well.
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- This specification is primarily concerned with the use of the PPP
- encapsulation over ISDN B-channel links. Since the ISDN B-channel is
- by definition a point-to-point circuit, PPP is well suited to use
- over ISDN B-channels.
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- The ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) may support hundreds of
- concurrent B-channel links. The PPP LCP and NCP mechanisms are
- particularly useful in this situation in reducing or eliminating hand
- configuration, and facilitating ease of communication between diverse
- implementations.
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- The ISDN D-channel can also be used for sending packets, but is
- limited in bandwidth and often restricts communication links to a
- local switch.
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- 2. Physical Layer Requirements
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- PPP treats ISDN channels as bit-oriented synchronous links. These
- links MUST be full-duplex, but MAY be either dedicated or circuit-
- switched.
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- Interface Format
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- PPP presents an octet interface to the physical layer. There is
- no provision for sub-octets to be supplied or accepted.
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- Transmission Rate
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- PPP does not impose any restrictions regarding transmission rate,
- other than that of the particular ISDN channel interface.
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- Control Signals
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- PPP does not require the use of control signals. When available,
- using such signals can allow greater functionality and
- performance. Implications are discussed in [3].
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- Encoding
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- By default, it is recommended that a bit-synchronous NRZ encoding
- be used directly over the ISDN B-channel interface. By prior
- configuration, PPP may also be used with NRZI encoding, and with
- asynchronous terminal adapters conforming to V.120 [2].
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- Due to the use of these alternate encoding techniques, it is
- possible to fail to interoperate. Those implementations which
- desire to interoperate with multiple encodings MAY choose to
- detect those encodings automatically.
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- The only reliable method of detection available is to switch modes
- between the various encodings. The mode switch SHOULD occur at
- twice the Restart Timer interval; that is, if the interval is 300
- milliseconds, the mode would be switched each 600 milliseconds.
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- Max-Configure MUST be set such that the cumulative attempts result
- in no more than 59 seconds of time before disconnect. It is
- preferable that the default limit of 30 seconds be observed.
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- 3. Framing
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- For B-channels, in the absence of prior configuration, the
- implementation MUST first use "PPP HDLC Framing" [3], as opposed to
- other framings, for initial link establishment. This assumes that
- circuit-switched communications are generally [host | router] to
- [host | router]. The implementation MAY change to X.25 or Frame
- Relay framing, when those frames are detected.
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- For D-channels, by default no data service is expected. By prior
- configuration, "PPP in X.25" [4] or "PPP in Frame Relay" [5] framing
- MAY be used.
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- Despite the fact that HDLC, LAPB, LAPD, and LAPF are nominally
- distinguishable, multiple methods of framing SHOULD NOT be used
- concurrently on the same link.
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- 4. In-Band Format Detection
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- It is possible to connect an ISDN circuit to an X.25 or Frame Relay
- circuit. This results in the receipt of a different type of frame.
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- The PPP HDLC framing is easily distinguished from X.25 or Frame Relay
- frames. Initial PPP frames always start with the sequence ff-03-c0-
- 21.
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- Initial X.25 frames will likely have a first octet of 1 or 3. If an
- X.25 frame is detected, the implementation MUST either change to the
- "PPP in X.25" [4] framing method, or report a link misconfiguration.
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- Initial Frame Relay frames have a first octet which is even (the
- least significant bit is 0). If a Frame Relay frame is detected, the
- implementation MUST either change to the "PPP in Frame Relay" [5]
- framing method, or report a link misconfiguration.
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- The accidental connection of an ISDN link to feed an X.25 or Frame
- Relay multipoint network MUST result in a misconfiguration
- indication. This can be detected by multiple responses to the LCP
- Configure-Request with the same Identifier, coming from different
- framing addresses.
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- 5. Out-of-Band signaling
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- Experience has shown that the LLC Information Element is not reliably
- transmitted end to end. The deployment of compatible switches is too
- limited, and the subscription policies of the providers are too
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- diverse.
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- No values which pertain to PPP have been assigned, as yet.
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- Therefore, transmission of the LLC-IE SHOULD NOT be relied upon.
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- 6. Configuration Details
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- For 64 Kbps links, the Restart Timer is recommended to be 300
- milliseconds, and Max-Configure is recommended to be 100 attempts.
- This results in 30 seconds before failure is detected.
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- The LCP recommended sync configuration options apply to ISDN links.
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- The standard LCP sync configuration defaults apply to ISDN links.
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- The typical network feeding the link is likely to have a MRU of
- either 1500, or 2048 or greater. To avoid fragmentation, the
- Maximum-Transmission-Unit (MTU) at the network layer SHOULD NOT
- exceed 1500, unless a peer MRU of 2048 or greater is specifically
- negotiated.
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- Security Considerations
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- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
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- References
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- [1] Simpson, W. A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", work in
- progress.
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- [2] CCITT, "Recommendation V.120: Data Communications over the
- Telephone Network", Blue Book, ITU 1988
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- [3] Simpson, W.A., "PPP HLDC Framing", work in progress.
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- [4] Simpson, W.A., "PPP in X.25", work in progress.
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- [5] Simpson, W.A., "PPP in Frame Relay", work in progress.
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- Acknowledgments
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- This design was inspired by the paper "Parameter Negotiation for the
- Multiprotocol Interconnect", Keith Sklower and Clifford Frost,
- University of California, Berkeley, 1992, unpublished.
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- Other details were gleaned from "Determination of Encapsulation of
- Multi-protocol Datagrams in Circuit-switched Environments", Keith
- Sklower, University of California, Berkeley, IETF IPLPDN WG draft,
- July 1993. That paper credits previous work "A Subnetwork Control
- Protocol for ISDN Circuit-Switching", Leifer, D., Sheldon, S. and
- Gorsline, B.; IETF IPLPDN WG draft, March 1991; and "A Negotiation
- Protocol for Multiple Link-Protocol over ISDN Circuit-Switching",
- Muramaki, K. and Sugawara, T.; IETF IPLPDN WG draft, May 1992.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 5]
- DRAFT PPP over ISDN August 1993
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- Chair's Address
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- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
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- Fred Baker
- Advanced Computer Communications
- 315 Bollay Drive
- Santa Barbara, California, 93111
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- EMail: fbaker@acc.com
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- Author's Address
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- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
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- William Allen Simpson
- Daydreamer
- Computer Systems Consulting Services
- 1384 Fontaine
- Madison Heights, Michigan 48071
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- EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 6]
- DRAFT PPP over ISDN August 1993
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- Table of Contents
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- 1. Introduction .......................................... 1
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- 2. Physical Layer Requirements ........................... 1
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- 3. Framing ............................................... 3
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- 4. In-Band Format Detection .............................. 3
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- 5. Out-of-Band signaling ................................. 3
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- 6. Configuration Details ................................. 4
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- SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 5
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- REFERENCES ................................................... 5
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- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 5
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- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 6
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- AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 6
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